Prep: Preheat oven to 350°F. Line four 6-inch cake rounds (or three 8-inch rounds) with parchment paper. Lightly butter and set aside.
Dry Ingredients: In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, salt, and blueberry powder. Set aside.
Cream Butter and Sugar: In a stand mixer fitted with paddle attachment, cream together butter, granulated sugar, and brown sugar on medium-high speed for 3-4 minutes until light and fluffy. Add lemon zest.
Add Eggs: Add eggs one at a time, mixing on medium speed until each is fully incorporated before adding the next. Scrape down bowl between additions.
Combine Wet Ingredients: In a measuring cup, whisk together buttermilk, strained blueberry puree, and vanilla.
Alternate Mixing: With mixer on low speed, add flour mixture in three additions, alternating with buttermilk mixture, beginning and ending with flour. Mix just until no streaks remain. Do not overmix. Scrape down bowl to ensure even mixing.
Bake: Divide batter evenly among prepared pans. Smooth tops with offset spatula or back of spoon. Bake for 30-35 minutes until toothpick inserted in center comes out with just a few moist crumbs.
Cool: Let cakes cool in pans for 10 minutes, then turn out onto cooling racks. Cool completely before frosting (about 1 hour)